What are Bone Deformities?

Bone deformities occur when bones develop abnormally or are misaligned. They can be congenital (present at birth), caused by growth disturbances, or develop later due to trauma, infections, or untreated fractures. Deformities can affect appearance, function, and mobility, and may cause pain or difficulty in daily activities.

Common Types of Bone Deformities

• Angular Deformities: Bones bend at abnormal angles, like bow legs or knock knees.

• Limb Length Differences: One limb is shorter than the other due to growth issues or injury.

• Spinal Deformities: Conditions like scoliosis (sideways curvature) or kyphosis (hunchback).

• Post-Traumatic Deformities: Resulting from fractures that healed incorrectly.

Symptoms & Signs

• Visible abnormal shape or bend in the limb or bone

• Uneven limb length or gait problems

• Difficulty walking, running, or performing daily activities

• Pain or discomfort in affected joints or muscles

• Recurrent injuries due to instability

Diagnosis

• Clinical Examination: Assessment of limb alignment, posture, and gait

• X-rays: To see bone shape and angles

• CT or MRI scans: For complex deformities or planning surgery

• Growth Assessment (in children): To evaluate potential correction as bones grow

Treatment Options

• Observation & Physiotherapy: Mild deformities may be managed with exercises to improve strength, posture, and function

• Orthotic Devices: Braces or supports to improve alignment or function

• Surgical Correction:

  • Osteotomy: Cutting and realigning bones

  • Bone Lengthening: Using external fixators (like Ilizarov) for limbs with length discrepancy

  • Deformity Correction: Correcting angular or rotational abnormalities for better function and appearance